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Maria Bustillos

Q: What originally gave you the idea of starting an online auction? A: For years, in connection with my work as a housewares designer, I had been haphazardly collecting mid-century fashion and design magazines. In late 1997 I answered a classified ad from a guy in Hollywood who said he had some magazines, and somehow we wound up buying this whole warehouse full of books, originally with a view to opening a prop house. One thing led to another … we learned about the development of e-commerce in the course of our researches, and became very excited about it. My partner is ex of Wall Street, and a very farsighted businessman. It’s all his fault, really. Popula’s offices are still in the original warehouse in Hollywood.


Q: Was the programming expensive and hard to do? How did you approach finding a programmer? How long did it take to get it up and running? A: We were very fortunate in our original developers. They were young guys in Florida who were very hotshot database programmers. I think it would be extremely difficult to assemble the same talent today at any kind of reasonable price.


Our approach was kind of back-to-front. We studied the available enterprise software platforms, decided that ColdFusion would be a good bet for the type of applications we wanted to build, and sought the expertise for that platform, rather than the other way around. None of us are trained programmers, but we had been through software builds of one kind and another. The original build took about six months. Several of us come from art and design backgrounds, so that part we did (and do) in-house, and it saves a lot of time.


In retrospect it was a good approach, though of course we were very lucky that ColdFusion became so widely accepted. Allaire (the company that developed ColdFusion) went public, and was eventually bought by Macromedia. So it’s become a standard platform.


The most important thing is to have developers who can understand what the heck you are talking about, and vice-versa. The second most important thing is the stability and reliability of the technology, on all three fronts: hardware, software and programming. Any kind of commercial website involves innumerable details, welded into a single entity–it’s like an ocean liner, once the thing is in the water it takes a long time to change course, let alone put on the brakes.


Q: Popula is such a fun, quirky site–is that just a reflection of your personality, or did you plan it that way to differentiate it from other auctions? A: Thank you very much for the compliment. Everyone involved in Popula is a collector himself. So the tenor of the site is very much informed by that personal involvement and interest, I think. And then, everybody here values good writing so much that we seem to attract incredible writing talent by sheer animal magnetism, or something. For instance Augustine Funnell, the current Blue Plate Special, wrote such a fantastic interview with himself that I just threw ours out, and used his instead.


Q: Does running Popula take a significant portion of your time and energy? A: Oh, yeah. The Internet never sleeps, eh what? I haven’t had a real vacation for four years, or something.


Q: I note you’re planning a fixed price area–do you plan to have this area be a significant portion of Popula? The reason I’m asking is that I personally feel eBay is missing the boat on their stores with not allowing store results through their regular search function. Amazon has effectively halved the sales from zShops by not having a tab and making it easy for their buyers to find. Will Popula highlight the fixed price items, or at least give them equal billing with auctions?


We see the fixed-price area as being at least as prominent as our auction offerings. It is in the final stages of development now, so if anyone has suggestions on design and navigation, we’re very keen to hear them.


In more general terms, we view Popula as a service for dealers. So our goal is to create as many selling opportunities for dealers as possible. Not just within Popula, but anywhere that dealers are likely to be able to move product, as we used to say in retail. So we don’t just allow links to individual dealer sites on our pages, we encourage them. We don’t feel that monopolistic or exclusionist practices are good for anyone’s business, in the long run. Multiple sites will always be the way to go for independent dealers, in order to maintain an environment of healthy competition. We develop our products with this in mind.


Essentially, our perspective is that if dealers do well on Popula, they’ll continue to list with us, and everyone profits. So we concentrate on making sure that our dealers do well with us.

Q: Another question along these same lines. When Amazon started zShops, it seemed to be the death of their auction program–I don’t know whether by plan, by lack of pushing the auctions, or whether their customer base just prefers fixed price items (pehaps that latter preference, because of their customer base and advertising being slanted towards new books?). Are you planning to keep Popula primarily as an auction site, equally auction and fixed price, or an eventual slant toward fixed price? A: Popula’s focus is and will remain one-of-a-kind rather than mass-market stuff, and will develop based on market forces affecting that niche. Though no one really knows exactly how this area of e-commerce is going to develop over time, it seems clear so far that the most effective retail strategy from the dealer’s point of view is a blend of auction and fixed-price sales.


Q: Do you look at Popula as being a long term operation? In other words, whether or not Popula grows steadily, are you committed to having it in its present format (quirkiness and all) on a long term basis? A: Yes.


Q: Would you change Popula’s format if it did mean substantial rapid growth? In other words, if eBay’s increasing alienation of sellers pushed them into finding other venues and it meant Popula could attract more of these sellers (and consequently, more buyers) by changing to a more eBay-like format, would you do it–or do you prefer having a smaller site that can reflect your personality and values more than growth (I’m not saying rapid growth is always better, by any means)? A: Again, the focus of Popula is one-of-a-kind stuff–vintage, rare, oop etc. Popula was (and is being) designed to serve this particular group of dealers and collectors. So anything that would tamper with that, we have resisted. That said, our goal is to grow Popula, on its own terms, into an absolutely immense venue. Another way to put it is that we’re very ambitious, but not at the cost of our original vision.


Q: What does Popula mean to you? How does it satisfy you being involved with it? A: I believe that the Internet is for the empowerment of individuals. Popula’s mission is to help ensure that the Internet fulfills its original promise of leveling the playing field, so that small businesses can compete effectively with bigger ones. Our goal is to serve as a pure conduit between like-minded individuals; to encourage and foster contact, the transaction of business and the exchange of information. I am very committed to that, personally committed.

To put it another way, we’re not against big business per se, but we are against big business reducing in any way the ability of individuals to have access, to communicate or to do business privately.


Q: In your own words, what’s the image you are projecting and want to project about Popula? Popula is a place where dealers and collectors of rare goods can meet freely to transact business and exchange information. Popula’s focus on vintage, out of print and rare merchandise creates a fun atmosphere that is as much about respect for the past as it is about doing business. It has become a relaxed, discerning environment, full of the most fantastic freaks and autodidacts and geniuses. What do I want to project, I don’t know, it’s kind of a like a cross between a library, a cocktail bar and a casino.


Thank you, Maria!


Interview by Shirley Bryant.

 

Second of a series on the various bookselling services.


Dick Weatherford

I was hired as a consultant by Bookquest which was sponsored by a company called Faxon. At that time I was a partner with Taylor Bowie in a bookstore in Pioneer Square in Seattle and had been writing articles and giving seminars on the use of computers in the used book business for some years. Not too long after this Faxon dissolved and shut down Bookquest. There were 125 dealers involved at that time and a number of them wanted this kind of service to continue. I contacted Tom Sawyer, who had written Bookquest and Brad Councilman and in March 1994 we launched Interloc with about 35 dealers and 35,000 records.


Were you surprised by the success of the web based services like Bibliofind and ABE?

I talked to Rick Pura quite a bit while they were getting going so it certainly wasn’t a surprise. They are good people and had a good idea and they were the first to go live on the net. We did not do so immediately because we always felt that if the dealers wanted to keep their customers the system would have to remain dealer to dealer. We felt that this was going to generate too many listing services and no one, or at least very few, would make any money since no revenue was being generated on transactions. Another effect would be to bring a tremendous amount of supply without corresponding demand generating a price decline for many types of books and this has certainly happened particularly with fiction. And without criticizing ABE or anyone else, they started out by using our software for their clients and undercutting our prices. I continue to believe that there is a very strong market but that the collector market does not define it. It is world wide and in all languages and is our job to reach that market.


You recently announced the dropping of your high-profile advertising campaign. What will you be replacing it with?

Our primary strategy has always been to service companies who already had customers who were or might be intererested in out of print books. We have important agreements with Barnes and Noble, Chapters – the largest bookseller in Canda , and other organizations. I am leaving for Germany tomorrow to develop our opportunities in Europe. Companies like these like the fact that we source the books from our own warehouse and from our family of dealers, that we approve them, ship them and guarantee them. This will be our major area of growth.


Do you plan to continue buying bookseller inventories?

We buy inventories of booksellers who have approached us – they might have lost their lease, want to retire or any number of reasons. I can’t think of any case where we have bought an inventory from someone who had not approached us first. When that happens we have professional buyers who come in and make an offer and they can accept it or not. I know there is a perception of us a kind of Book Grim Reaper with a scythe mowing though the field of independent booksellers but that’s just not the case.


What About the Book Buying and Referral Program. Many people think that you are competing against your own members with these storefront buying operations.

We are NOT a listing service. Alibris is a dealer and we have never made any bones about this. We don’t charge a fee to list with us and we buy our members’ books when they are sold and we assume the risks of that sale and even pay the postage. Of course we compete to buy books and people are welcome to compete with us by opening their own locations or by paying higher prices for books. One of our longtime members commented that you either compete or don’t or fail but there’s no point in crying about the fact of competition itself. I thought competition was what the American model of business was all about.

Some people don’t like to give us a discount and in fact many say that they don’t discount their books to anyone. That’s fine, although I personally find it unprofessional and in that case we simply don’t buy their books and life goes on.


Do you have any comment on allegations that Alibris substitutes books from its own inventory for independent bookseller orders made by such bulk buyers as Amazon.

We don’t do it. Even if we wanted to it would be far more trouble than it’s worth to attempt to find an identical copy of a book and then ship it. We would have to do a manual search for a copy and then go send someone to get it. It makes far more sense to just ship the book the customer ordered.


Why did you withdraw support for Record Manager and Bookmaster even though you had made very strong personal commitments that you would not?

We have not withdrawn support for these products. Anyone who continues to do business with us is entitled to free technical support on an ongoing basis. There are many copies of these programs outstanding and from our travels around North America presenting seminars it appears that the majority of people in the book trade continue to use them. We do not provide support for people who are not doing business with Alibris. It is ridiculous to think that you can continue to provide free support for products that you might have sold a decade ago. No company would.


What about the future?

The biggest single step was an affordable electronic marketplace for books and Interloc first provided that – four or five companies tried it before me by the way. The services have really proven that more people wanted more books than anyone realized. It removed the out of print book trade from its small cocoon of dealers and collectors. The real expansion will come through working on business to business arrangements with organizations with their own customers and processes, who deal in their own country and the language of their customers. There will be ongoing issues with supply created before the demand is there and with the lack of standards among the huge number of sellers on the Internet. ABAA is too small and too focused on the antiquarian trade – hopefully IOBA will be able to provide those standards.

 
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